If you’re looking for the best wireless home security cameras of 2025, I’ve got you covered. There are options like the Blink Outdoor 4, which offers easy installation and high-resolution footage, and solar-powered models for continuous operation. With features such as advanced motion detection and night vision, these cameras guarantee your home stays safe and sound. Stick around, and I’ll share more about the top models that fit your needs perfectly!
Key Takeaways
- Look for cameras with high-resolution options up to 4K and effective night vision capabilities for clear visuals day and night.
- Choose models with long battery life, solar charging options, and easy installation processes for convenience and reduced maintenance.
- Ensure advanced motion detection features are included to minimize false alarms and provide customizable activity zones for focused monitoring.
- Opt for models compatible with smart home platforms like Alexa and Google Assistant for enhanced control and automation.
- Consider flexible storage options, including local storage and cloud plans, to suit your privacy and convenience preferences.
Blink Outdoor 4 Wireless Smart Security Camera System
The Blink Outdoor 4 Wireless Smart Security Camera System is perfect for anyone seeking an affordable yet effective outdoor security solution. I love how it includes three cameras and a Sync Module, making it easy to set up. With up to two years of battery life, I don’t have to worry about frequent replacements. The 1080p HD video and infrared night vision provide clear images day and night. Plus, the motion detection alerts my phone promptly, reducing false alarms. I can even talk through the cameras using the Blink app, enhancing my home’s security effortlessly. It’s a fantastic choice!
Best For: Individuals seeking an affordable and user-friendly outdoor security camera system with long battery life and reliable connectivity.
Pros:
- Easy Setup: The system includes everything needed for a quick installation, making it user-friendly for all skill levels.
- Long Battery Life: Each camera lasts up to two years on included batteries, minimizing maintenance and replacements.
- Two-Way Audio: Users can communicate through the cameras using the Blink app, enhancing security and interaction.
Cons:
- Limited Local Storage: Local storage options require additional purchases, as the Sync Module Core does not support this feature.
- Subscription Needed for Full Features: Some advanced features, like person detection alerts, require a Blink Subscription Plan for full functionality.
- No Continuous Recording: The system does not support continuous video recording, which may be a limitation for certain users.
Blink Outdoor 4 Wireless Smart Security Camera System
For anyone seeking an affordable and reliable outdoor security solution, the Blink Outdoor 4 Wireless Smart Security Camera System stands out with its impressive two-year battery life. This system includes two cameras, delivering 1080p HD video and a wide 143° field of view. I love the enhanced motion detection that alerts me quickly, plus the two-way talk feature lets me communicate remotely. The setup was a breeze, and it works seamlessly with Alexa for added convenience. With cloud storage options and local backup capabilities, I feel secure knowing my home is monitored 24/7, rain or shine.
Best For: Budget-conscious homeowners looking for an effective outdoor security camera solution.
Pros:
- Affordable pricing with a long battery life of up to two years.
- Offers 1080p HD video quality and enhanced motion detection for quick alerts.
- Seamless integration with Alexa for convenient voice control features.
Cons:
- Requires a subscription for advanced features like person detection and extended video storage.
- Limited storage options without additional hardware purchases (e.g., MicroSD card or USB flash drive).
- Connectivity is restricted to 2.4 GHz Wi-Fi, which may affect performance in areas with congested networks.
Blink Outdoor 4 Wireless Smart Security Camera System
Looking for an affordable and reliable outdoor security solution? The Blink Outdoor 4 Wireless Smart Security Camera System might be just what you need. With a two-year battery life and 1080p HD live view, it captures clear footage day and night. Its 143° field of view and enhanced motion detection guarantee you won’t miss a thing. Setting it up is a breeze, and it integrates seamlessly with Alexa for voice commands. Plus, the package includes five cameras and all necessary accessories. For added peace of mind, you can opt for cloud storage options beyond the initial free trial.
Best For: Homeowners looking for an affordable and efficient outdoor security camera solution that is easy to set up and integrates with smart home devices.
Pros:
- Affordable price point for a five-camera system with extensive features.
- Long battery life of up to two years, reducing maintenance needs.
- Seamless integration with Alexa for convenient voice control and monitoring.
Cons:
- Local storage is not included, requiring a subscription for extended cloud storage options.
- Limited functionality in extreme weather conditions, with an operating temperature range.
- Requires a reliable Wi-Fi connection, which may not be available in all outdoor locations.
aosu Wireless Security Cameras Outdoor System (4 Cam-Kit)
If you’re seeking a subscription-free home security solution that guarantees complete coverage without blind spots, the aosu Wireless Security Cameras Outdoor System (4 Cam-Kit) is an excellent choice. This system features four cameras with impressive 3MP resolution and enhanced night vision, ensuring you capture every detail day or night. I love that installation is a breeze, taking just five minutes with minimal drilling. The solar-powered design means I don’t have to worry about replacing batteries. With encrypted local storage and instant notifications, I feel secure knowing my home is always protected. Plus, it’s compatible with smart home devices for added convenience!
Best For: Those seeking a reliable and subscription-free home security system with comprehensive coverage and easy installation.
Pros:
- Easy 5-minute installation with minimal drilling required.
- Solar-powered design ensures continuous operation without battery replacement.
- Encrypted local storage eliminates subscription fees while providing secure data storage.
Cons:
- Limited to 32GB storage, which may fill up quickly with high-resolution footage.
- Requires adequate sunlight for optimal solar panel performance.
- Compatibility issues may arise with some smart home devices not listed.
2025 Upgraded 2K Wireless Outdoor Security Cameras
Homeowners seeking a reliable and advanced solution for outdoor security will find the upgraded 2K wireless outdoor security cameras particularly appealing. With stunning 2K UHD resolution and full-color night vision, these cameras capture clear images even in darkness. Their waterproof IP66 rating guarantees durability in any weather. I love the flexibility of both cloud and local storage options, accommodating up to 256GB on an SD card. The intuitive app allows for easy setup, while AI motion detection sends instant alerts. Plus, the two-way audio feature lets me communicate directly through the camera, enhancing my home’s security effortlessly.
Best For: Homeowners seeking a reliable and advanced solution for outdoor security with easy setup and flexible storage options.
Pros:
- High-quality 2K UHD resolution and full-color night vision for clear imaging in low-light conditions.
- Durable waterproof IP66 rating ensures performance in various weather conditions.
- AI motion detection minimizes false alerts and provides real-time notifications for suspicious activity.
Cons:
- Free cloud storage only offers SD quality, with HD requiring paid plans.
- Battery life may vary significantly based on usage, potentially requiring frequent recharges.
- Local SD card for storage is not included, necessitating an additional purchase.
eufy Security SoloCam S340 Wireless Outdoor Security Camera
For anyone seeking a reliable and high-quality outdoor surveillance solution, the eufy Security SoloCam S340 is an excellent choice. This wireless camera delivers stunning 3K resolution, and with AI tracking, you can even enjoy up to 4K clarity. I love the 360° pan and tilt feature, which eliminates blind spots for complete home coverage. It’s solar-powered, ensuring continuous operation without hefty monthly fees. Plus, installation took me just 7 minutes! With night vision, motion alerts, and a durable IP65 rating, it’s perfect for any weather. Customer reviews average a solid 4.3 stars, proving it’s well worth considering.
Best For: Homeowners seeking a reliable, high-quality outdoor security camera with advanced features and easy installation.
Pros:
- High-resolution video with up to 4K clarity and 360° pan and tilt for comprehensive coverage.
- Solar-powered for continuous operation without monthly fees, along with easy 7-minute installation.
- Durable IP65 weather resistance and effective night vision capabilities.
Cons:
- Requires a compatible HomeBase S380 for full functionality.
- Limited to 2.4 GHz Wi-Fi, which may affect connectivity in high-density areas.
- Some users may find the initial setup process challenging without prior experience.
TP-Link Tapo 1080P Indoor Security Camera
Looking for a reliable indoor security camera that delivers excellent video quality and versatility? The TP-Link Tapo 1080P Indoor Security Camera checks all the boxes! With its crystal-clear 1080P resolution and night vision up to 30 feet, I can monitor my home anytime. The advanced motion detection even differentiates between pets and people, sending instant push notifications. I love the two-way audio feature for communicating with my pets, and the siren adds extra security. Plus, it easily connects to Alexa and Google Assistant for seamless integration. Whether for home security or baby monitoring, this camera truly excels!
Best For: Those seeking an affordable and versatile indoor security camera for home monitoring, baby care, or pet surveillance.
Pros:
- 1080P Full HD resolution provides clear and detailed video footage, enhancing surveillance quality.
- Advanced motion detection technology differentiates between pets and people, reducing false alerts.
- Two-way audio feature allows for real-time communication with family or pets, adding convenience and comfort.
Cons:
- Limited to 2.4GHz Wi-Fi connectivity, which may affect performance in environments with heavy 5GHz traffic.
- Night vision range of 30 feet may not be sufficient for larger spaces needing coverage.
- Dependence on cloud storage may incur additional fees for long-term video retention beyond basic options.
Blink Mini 2 Home Security Camera with HD Video
The Blink Mini 2 Home Security Camera is an ideal choice for anyone wanting to enhance their home monitoring without breaking the bank. This compact camera delivers 1080p HD video and features a 143° field of view, ensuring I can keep an eye on my space. The color night view and two-way audio let me interact with visitors remotely. Installation is a breeze, whether indoors or outdoors, and I love the motion detection alerts sent straight to my smartphone. Plus, with a Blink Subscription Plan, I can store video clips securely in the cloud for peace of mind.
Best For: Those seeking an affordable and efficient home security solution with smart features for monitoring and interaction.
Pros:
- High-Quality Video: Delivers 1080p HD video with a wide 143° field of view for comprehensive coverage.
- Easy Installation: Quick and straightforward setup for both indoor and outdoor use.
- Two-Way Audio: Allows for remote interaction with visitors, enhancing security and convenience.
Cons:
- Subscription Required for Full Features: Cloud storage and intelligent detection features require a separate Blink Subscription Plan.
- Limited Outdoor Use Without Accessories: Requires optional weather-resistant power adapters for outdoor installation.
- Dependent on Wi-Fi Connectivity: Performance may be affected by weak Wi-Fi signals or outages.
Blink Outdoor 4 XR Wireless Camera System
If you want a robust home security solution that doesn’t require constant battery changes, the Blink Outdoor 4 XR Wireless Camera System is ideal. With four cameras and an impressive two-year battery life, I can confidently cover my home without frequent interruptions. The range of up to 1000 feet in open air guarantees I capture every corner of my property. Plus, the Blink app makes it easy to manage settings and store clips. I love its compatibility with Alexa, allowing me to control the system effortlessly. Overall, it’s a reliable choice for anyone serious about home security.
Best For: Homeowners seeking a reliable and long-lasting wireless security camera system for comprehensive property coverage.
Pros:
- Extended Battery Life: With up to two years of battery life, users can avoid frequent battery replacements.
- Wide Coverage Range: The system allows installation up to 1000 feet in open air, ensuring extensive property monitoring.
- Smart Home Compatibility: Integration with Alexa enables convenient voice control and automation features.
Cons:
- Limited Local Storage: Requires a MicroSD card (sold separately) for local storage, which can add to initial costs.
- Dependent on Sync Module: The camera range relies on the Sync Module XR, which must be properly installed for optimal performance.
- Potential Connectivity Issues: While designed to minimize disconnects, users may still experience connectivity issues in areas with interference.
Wireless Outdoor Security Cameras (2 Pack)
For homeowners seeking reliable surveillance, the Wireless Outdoor Security Cameras (2 Pack) offer an impressive 2K UHD resolution that guarantees every detail is captured, whether it’s day or night. With full-color and infrared night vision, even low-light conditions won’t compromise visibility. I appreciate the 3x digital zoom for focusing on faces or license plates. Real-time notifications keep me alert to any movement, and the two-way communication feature is a fantastic bonus. Plus, their IP65 weatherproof rating ensures durability. With easy installation and expandable storage options, these cameras provide peace of mind for monitoring my home, family, and pets.
Best For: Homeowners looking for reliable outdoor surveillance to monitor their property, family, and pets.
Pros:
- High video quality with 2K UHD resolution and night vision capabilities for clear footage in all lighting conditions.
- Real-time alerts and two-way communication enhance security and allow for immediate response to activity.
- Durable design with an IP65 weatherproof rating ensures functionality in various weather conditions.
Cons:
- Subscription required for advanced AI detection features and custom activity zones.
- Battery life may vary significantly depending on environmental factors and motion activity.
- Limited compatibility with only Android/iOS devices, excluding computer access or third-party apps.
Kasa Smart Indoor Pan-Tilt Security Camera (1080p HD)
Looking for a versatile security camera that adapts to your home’s unique needs? The Kasa Smart Indoor Pan-Tilt Security Camera is a game-changer. With its 360° horizontal and 113° vertical coverage, I can monitor every corner of my room. The motion tracking feature keeps an eye on moving objects, sending instant notifications right to my phone. Plus, the 1080p HD video quality ensures I never miss a detail, even at night. I love the two-way audio, allowing me to communicate with family or pets from anywhere. Easy setup and compatibility with Alexa and Google Home make it a perfect addition to my smart home.
Best For: Homeowners and renters looking for a comprehensive indoor security solution with advanced features for monitoring pets and family.
Pros:
- 360° pan/tilt coverage allows for extensive room monitoring, ensuring no blind spots.
- 1080p HD video quality provides clear and detailed footage, even in low-light conditions with night vision capabilities.
- Two-way audio enables remote communication with family members or pets, adding convenience and reassurance.
Cons:
- Requires a microSD card for local storage, which is not included with the purchase.
- The cloud storage subscription may incur additional costs for accessing extended video history and features.
- Limited to 2.4GHz Wi-Fi network, which may affect connectivity in homes with only 5GHz networks.
Arlo Essential Security Camera 2K (2nd Gen, Wireless)
The Arlo Essential Security Camera 2K (2nd Gen) is perfect for homeowners who want robust surveillance without the hassle of complicated setups. With 2K video clarity and a 130-degree wide field of view, I can monitor both indoors and outdoors seamlessly. The integrated spotlight and color night vision guarantee I won’t miss any details, even in low light. I appreciate the 2-way audio for communication and real-time alerts via the Arlo Secure App. Plus, it works with smart home devices like Alexa and Google Home. This camera lets me feel secure while keeping my personal information private.
Best For: Homeowners seeking reliable indoor-outdoor surveillance with easy setup and smart home integration.
Pros:
- High-quality 2K video clarity and a wide 130-degree field of view enhance monitoring capabilities.
- Integrated spotlight and color night vision provide clear visuals even in low-light conditions.
- Seamless compatibility with smart home devices like Amazon Alexa and Google Home for added convenience.
Cons:
- Requires a stable 2.4GHz Wi-Fi connection for optimal performance.
- Some advanced features and extended video storage require a paid subscription.
- Limited support options outside of the United States may hinder assistance for international users.
Security Cameras Wireless Outdoor with Solar & Battery Power
If you want a reliable security solution that won’t break the bank on electricity costs, wireless outdoor security cameras with solar and battery power are an excellent choice. These cameras operate on 2.4GHz WiFi, eliminating the hassle of Ethernet cables. With a built-in 5200mAh battery and solar panel, they guarantee long-lasting power. I love the crystal-clear 2K FHD live feed and impressive night vision options. Plus, enhanced AI human detection minimizes false alarms. The IP65 weatherproof rating makes them perfect for any outdoor conditions. They even integrate with Alexa for voice commands, providing seamless control over my home security.
Best For: Homeowners seeking an energy-efficient, easy-to-install outdoor security solution with advanced features.
Pros:
- Cost-effective: Solar and battery power reduce electricity costs while providing reliable surveillance.
- High-quality visuals: 2K FHD live feed and versatile night vision options ensure clear monitoring day and night.
- Smart integration: Compatible with Alexa for voice control, enhancing convenience and accessibility.
Cons:
- Limited WiFi compatibility: Operates only on 2.4GHz WiFi, which may not be ideal for all users.
- Storage limitations: Requires a TF card for local video saving, which may need to be purchased separately.
- False alarm potential: While AI detection reduces false alarms, it may still trigger on non-human movements in certain conditions.
Rraycom 4Pack 5G/2.4G Wireless Outdoor Security Cameras
For anyone seeking a reliable and versatile security solution, the Rraycom 4Pack 5G/2.4G Wireless Outdoor Security Cameras stand out with their dual-band WiFi capability. With 2K UHD video quality and full-color night vision, I never miss a moment, day or night. Their wide 130° field of view covers my property effectively. I appreciate the customizable safety zones and real-time alerts, which help minimize false alarms. Plus, the two-way audio feature lets me communicate easily with family or pets. With no monthly fees and secure storage options, these cameras provide excellent value for my home security needs.
Best For: Homeowners looking for an affordable and feature-rich security solution that integrates seamlessly with smart technology.
Pros:
- Dual-band WiFi support ensures reliable connectivity and faster alerts.
- 2K UHD video quality and full-color night vision provide clear visuals at any time.
- Two-way audio feature enables convenient communication with family and pets.
Cons:
- Subscription required for advanced AI features like bird recognition.
- Initial setup may be challenging for non-tech-savvy users.
- SD card for additional storage not included in the package.
eufy Security SoloCam S220 Wireless Security Camera
Looking for a reliable security solution that doesn’t require constant charging or complicated wiring? The eufy Security SoloCam S220 is my go-to choice! With solar charging, it stays powered with just three hours of daily sunlight, eliminating the hassle of cords. The 2K resolution ensures I get sharp video, and its infrared LEDs provide excellent night vision. I love how easy it is to install—just one hole! Plus, its AI features, like human detection and facial recognition, give me peace of mind. Best of all, there’s no monthly fee, making it a smart, cost-effective investment for home security.
Best For: Those seeking a hassle-free, reliable security camera with solar charging and no monthly fees.
Pros:
- Easy installation with a compact, wire-free design.
- High-definition 2K video quality and excellent night vision capabilities.
- AI features like human detection and facial recognition enhance security.
Cons:
- Requires at least three hours of sunlight daily for optimal solar charging.
- Limited storage capacity depending on the on-device capabilities.
- Facial recognition feature requires connection to HomeBase 3, which may be an additional cost.
Factors to Consider When Choosing Home Security Cameras Wireless

When I’m choosing wireless home security cameras, I focus on a few key factors. Video quality, battery life, and night vision capabilities are vital for ensuring I capture clear footage, day or night. I also consider motion detection features and storage options to make sure I get the most out of my investment.
Video Quality and Resolution
Choosing the right video quality and resolution for wireless home security cameras is essential, as it directly affects how well you can identify people and objects in vital situations. I recommend opting for higher resolution options like 1080p or 2K, as they provide clearer and more detailed footage. Don’t overlook night vision capabilities—infrared or color night vision is critical for capturing quality video in low-light conditions. Additionally, consider the frame rate; a standard 30 fps offers smooth playback. Compression standards such as H.264 or H.265 also matter, with H.265 delivering better quality at lower bitrates. Finally, assess the camera’s lens quality and field of view, as these factors influence both clarity and the coverage area.
Battery Life and Power
Battery life and power are critical factors in selecting wireless home security cameras. I’ve found that many models can last up to two years on a single set of batteries under normal use, which is pretty impressive. If you’re like me and want a hassle-free option, consider solar-powered cameras. They recharge via built-in panels, so you won’t need to replace batteries constantly. You can also choose between rechargeable batteries, non-rechargeable options, or wired power sources, each affecting setup flexibility and maintenance. Keep in mind that environmental factors like extreme temperatures can impact battery performance. For reliable 24/7 surveillance, opting for cameras with extended battery life is essential to minimize maintenance and ensure consistent security coverage.
Night Vision Capabilities
While exploring wireless home security cameras, understanding their night vision capabilities is essential for ensuring effective surveillance after dark. Most effective night vision systems utilize infrared LEDs to produce clear black-and-white images in low-light conditions. I’ve found that some cameras offer color night vision, which captures full-color footage using additional lighting—definitely a plus if you want more detail at night. Typically, the range for night vision is around 10-20 meters (30-65 feet). Higher-quality options feature automatic light activation and adjustable infrared sensitivity, which helps reduce false alarms. Remember, the effectiveness of night vision can vary based on environmental factors like ambient light and camera placement, so it’s vital to consider these aspects when making your choice.
Motion Detection Features
Effective surveillance doesn’t stop with night vision; it also heavily relies on motion detection features. When I choose a wireless home security camera, I prioritize advanced motion detection capabilities that can distinguish between people, animals, or vehicles. This helps reduce false alarms, which can be a real annoyance. I also look for customizable activity zones, allowing me to focus on high-priority areas while ignoring unnecessary motion. Sensitivity settings are essential too; I want alerts triggered only by significant activity to avoid notification fatigue. With embedded AI and computer vision, I appreciate how these systems can accurately recognize and classify objects in real-time. Instant alerts via my smartphone keep me informed of any activity around my property, ensuring peace of mind.
Storage Options Available
When considering wireless home security cameras, the choice of storage options is essential for ensuring your footage is safely stored and easily accessible. I’ve found that most systems offer either cloud storage, local storage via SD cards or USB drives, or a combination of both. Cloud storage plans can vary considerably; some providers offer free trials for 30 days, while paid plans may keep your video for 60 days or longer. On the other hand, local storage options, like SD cards up to 256GB, allow for independent backups without ongoing fees. Plus, many systems encrypt footage, securing your privacy regardless of storage type. Ultimately, the right option impacts both convenience and cost, so it’s worth considering all factors.
Installation and Setup Ease
After you’ve decided on storage options for your wireless home security cameras, the next step is to evaluate how easy they are to install and set up. I recommend choosing cameras that promise a quick and straightforward setup, ideally taking under 15 minutes. Look for systems that provide step-by-step instructions through apps or manuals; this makes things easier for those of us who aren’t tech-savvy. Wireless models that connect via Wi-Fi are a great choice, as they eliminate the hassle of complex wiring. Additionally, ensure the cameras support flexible mounting options like magnetic brackets or adhesive mounts. Clear setup guides, mobile app controls, and automatic network detection can really streamline your installation experience. You’ll appreciate the simplicity!
Smart Home Integration
Smart home integration can make your wireless security camera system considerably more versatile and user-friendly. When I choose a camera, I always verify it supports popular platforms like Amazon Alexa, Google Assistant, or Apple HomeKit. This way, I can control it with my voice. I also confirm that the cameras can be managed via a mobile app or smart home hub for easy remote access. I love setting up routines that trigger the cameras based on my other smart devices, like door locks. It’s essential to have alerts and automations in place, too, like turning on lights when motion is detected. Finally, I consider systems that support multi-camera integration for centralized control and seamless monitoring.
Frequently Asked Questions
What Is the Average Lifespan of Wireless Security Cameras?
The average lifespan of wireless security cameras typically ranges from three to five years, depending on the brand and usage. I’ve found that factors like environmental conditions and maintenance can really affect how long they last. Some cameras might even last longer if they’re protected from extreme temperatures and kept clean. So, if you’re considering a new camera, it’s worth investing in a quality model to guarantee durability and reliability over time.
How Do I Install Wireless Security Cameras Myself?
Installing wireless security cameras myself was surprisingly straightforward. First, I picked a strategic spot with a clear view. Then, I mounted the camera using the included bracket and screws. I downloaded the app to connect to Wi-Fi, following prompts for setup. Finally, I adjusted the angle for ideal coverage. Isn’t it empowering to take home security into my own hands? With a little patience, I had peace of mind in no time!
Can Wireless Cameras Work During a Power Outage?
Yes, wireless cameras can work during a power outage, but it depends on their power source. I use battery-powered models or ones with built-in rechargeable batteries, which keep them operational even when the electricity goes out. Some systems also come with backup battery options. I always recommend checking the specifications before purchasing to guarantee they meet your needs during outages. That way, I can maintain peace of mind no matter what happens!
Are Wireless Security Cameras Weatherproof?
Yes, many wireless security cameras are designed to be weatherproof. I’ve found that these cameras typically come with an IP rating, which indicates their resistance to water and dust. When I choose a camera, I always check the specifications to make certain it can handle rain, snow, and extreme temperatures. Investing in weatherproof options gives me peace of mind, knowing my security system will function effectively, regardless of the weather outside.
How Do I Connect Cameras to My Smartphone?
To connect cameras to my smartphone, I usually start by downloading the camera’s app from the app store. Once I open the app, I follow the setup instructions, which often involve scanning a QR code or entering a code displayed on the camera. I make sure my phone is connected to Wi-Fi, and then I link the camera to the app. After that, I can view the camera feed right on my phone!
Conclusion
As the sun sets and shadows dance around your home, let these wireless security cameras be your vigilant sentinels, guarding the gates of your sanctuary. With each choice, you weave a tapestry of safety, stitching together peace of mind in the fabric of your daily life. Trust in the watchful eyes of technology, and embrace the comfort it brings. In a world of uncertainty, you can create a fortress of calm, ensuring that your home remains a haven, safe and sound.
