I’ve reviewed the top GPS navigation systems of 2025, and I can say there’s a wide range of options to fit your needs. From large HD touchscreens to vehicle-specific routing for cars, trucks, or RVs, these devices offer real-time traffic, lifetime map updates, and safety alerts. Whether you need basic offline navigation or advanced features, you’ll find a great choice. Stick around to uncover detailed insights on each model and find the perfect match.
Key Takeaways
- The list ranks the top GPS systems of 2025 based on display quality, map updates, and routing features.
- It covers vehicle-specific features including truck, RV, and bicycle routing for safety and accuracy.
- Safety features like lane assist, hazard alerts, and real-time traffic improve navigation reliability.
- Devices offer high-resolution screens, intuitive interfaces, and multilingual voice guidance for user convenience.
- Reviews highlight device limitations such as mounting issues, update challenges, and regional compatibility.
If you’re looking for a reliable GPS navigation system that simplifies driving across North America, the Inch Car GPS Navigation is an excellent choice. Its 7-inch HD touchscreen is responsive and easy to use, making navigation straightforward. Preloaded with 2025 North America maps—covering the US, Canada, and Mexico—with free lifetime updates, it stays current. It supports various vehicle profiles like cars, trucks, RVs, and bicycles, allowing customized routes based on vehicle restrictions. The built-in FM transmitter lets you enjoy audio through your stereo, while quick route calculations and clear voice guidance keep you focused and safe on the road.
Best For: drivers seeking a reliable, user-friendly GPS navigation system with current maps and safety features for North America travel.
Pros:
- Responsive 7-inch HD touchscreen with easy operation
- Preloaded with 2025 North America maps and free lifetime updates
- Supports multiple vehicle profiles and custom routing options for safety and convenience
Cons:
- May require initial setup and GPS signal acquisition time
- Limited details on advanced features like real-time traffic or additional app integrations
- Possible minor issues with mount adjustments or time resetting, as reported by some users
Garmin Drive™ 53 GPS Navigator
The Garmin Drive™ 53 GPS Navigator stands out as an excellent choice for budget-conscious drivers who want reliable, straightforward navigation. Its bright, 5-inch high-resolution touchscreen makes it easy to see and operate, even on the go. The device is lightweight and sleek, with simple menus that anyone can navigate. It offers detailed, current maps of North America, complete with landmarks, parks, and points of interest. Driver alerts for safety and trip planning features add to its appeal. Most users find it accurate, easy to use, and dependable, making it a solid, budget-friendly option for everyday driving and travel.
Best For: budget-conscious drivers seeking reliable, straightforward navigation with a user-friendly interface.
Pros:
- Bright, high-resolution 5” touchscreen for clear viewing and easy operation
- Detailed, up-to-date maps of North America with landmarks and points of interest
- Simple menus and intuitive design suitable for all users
Cons:
- Occasional delays in map update processes for some users
- Limited advanced features compared to high-end GPS devices
- Some difficulty in dense urban environments, requiring smartphone assistance
For travelers seeking reliable and user-friendly navigation, the Garmin Drive™ 53 GPS Navigator stands out with its bright, high-resolution 5-inch touchscreen. The intuitive interface features simple on-screen menus, making it easy to access routes and settings quickly. It provides spoken turn-by-turn directions with Garmin Real Directions landmark guidance, ensuring clarity even in unfamiliar areas. The device offers detailed map updates of North America, along with alerts for school zones, speed changes, and sharp curves, enhancing safety. It also displays nearby food, fuel, rest areas, and points of interest, including national parks, helping travelers plan and enjoy their trips with confidence.
Best For: travelers seeking a reliable, easy-to-use GPS with detailed maps, safety alerts, and points of interest for confident navigation across North America.
Pros:
- Bright, high-resolution 5” touchscreen with intuitive on-screen menus for easy use
- Detailed North America maps with real landmark guidance and spoken turn-by-turn directions
- Safety features including alerts for school zones, speed changes, and hazards, plus points of interest like national parks
Cons:
- Limited to North American maps, not suitable for international travelers outside this area
- No Wi-Fi or live traffic updates, which may require additional devices or apps for real-time info
- Lacks advanced features such as voice commands or smartphone integration
GPS Navigator for Cars and RVs with HD Touchscreen and Lifetime Map Updates
A high-quality GPS navigator with a 7-inch HD touchscreen and lifetime map updates stands out as an ideal choice for drivers who prioritize clarity and convenience on every trip. Its bright, clear display is easily readable even in direct sunlight, and the intuitive interface makes destination input quick and simple. Supporting voice commands and turn-by-turn guidance in over 25 languages, it ensures reliable directions. Designed for multiple vehicle types, including cars, trucks, and RVs, it offers personalized routing based on vehicle profiles. With free 2025 map updates, safety alerts, and real-time data, this device delivers a seamless, stress-free navigation experience for all your journeys.
Best For: drivers seeking a reliable, easy-to-use GPS with lifetime maps, safety alerts, and multi-vehicle routing capabilities for cars, trucks, RVs, and bicycles.
Pros:
- Bright, high-definition 7-inch touchscreen with excellent visibility in sunlight
- Supports multiple vehicle profiles and real-time safety alerts for enhanced trip safety
- Free lifetime map updates, ensuring current navigation data for North America and beyond
Cons:
- Some users report that setup instructions could be clearer for initial use
- Satellite connectivity issues may occasionally affect GPS accuracy
- Slightly bulky design may be less convenient for very compact vehicle dashboards
Garmin 7-Inch RV 795 GPS Navigator
If you’re an RV traveler seeking a navigation system tailored specifically for large vehicles, the Garmin 7-Inch RV 795 GPS Navigator stands out as an excellent choice. Its large, high-resolution touchscreen delivers vivid visuals, making it easy to view maps and directions. Designed with RVs in mind, it offers custom routing based on vehicle size and weight, helping you avoid low bridges and restricted roads. It includes features like real-time traffic updates, scenic route suggestions, and access to campground directories with ratings. The device’s magnetic mount and remote control make installation and operation straightforward. Overall, it’s a reliable, RV-friendly GPS that enhances your travel experience.
Best For: RV travelers seeking a reliable, vehicle-specific navigation system with large, vivid visuals and custom routing options to enhance safety and trip planning.
Pros:
- Large 7-inch high-resolution touchscreen for clear, easy-to-view maps and directions
- Custom routing based on vehicle size, weight, height, and width to avoid low bridges and restricted roads
- Access to extensive campground directories, satellite imagery, and scenic route suggestions for an enriched travel experience
Cons:
- Interface can be inconsistent and difficult to navigate quickly, especially for new users
- Some routing inaccuracies or confusion in complex scenarios, such as diverging diamond interchanges
- The device’s size may be cumbersome for smaller dashboards and could have a steep learning curve for some users
GPS Navigator for Car, Truck, RV with HD Touchscreen and Lifetime Map Updates
With its 9-inch HD touchscreen and offline GPS functionality, this navigation system is perfect for drivers who need clear visuals and reliable directions in remote areas or long trips. It’s preloaded with the latest 2025 maps for the USA, Canada, and Mexico, plus free lifetime Wi-Fi updates. You can customize routes for cars, trucks, and RVs by inputting vehicle size and weight, with support for seven vehicle types. It offers multiple search options, turn-by-turn voice directions, and instant alerts like speed limits and cameras. Included accessories and additional maps for Europe, UK, Ireland, and Australia make it versatile and dependable for all your journeys.
Best For: drivers who need a reliable, easy-to-use navigation system with real-time alerts and customizable routing for cars, trucks, and RVs on long trips or in remote areas.
Pros:
- Large 9-inch HD touchscreen provides clear and detailed visuals for easy navigation.
- Offline GPS with lifetime map updates ensures accurate directions without internet reliance.
- Custom vehicle routing and multiple search options enhance flexibility and convenience.
Cons:
- May be bulkier than smaller GPS devices, affecting portability.
- Limited to preloaded maps initially; additional maps require requests and setup.
- Some users might find the interface less intuitive compared to newer smartphone apps.
For drivers of cars, trucks, and RVs seeking a reliable navigation device, the GPS navigator with a 9-inch HD touchscreen stands out as an excellent choice. Its large, responsive display with sun visor reduces glare, ensuring visibility in bright sunlight. It supports multiple vehicle types, languages, and time zones, making it versatile. Preloaded with 2025 North America maps and free lifetime updates, it operates offline without internet or subscription fees. Turn-by-turn voice guidance, lane assist, and safety alerts enhance driving confidence. While some users report map accuracy issues and limited search functions, the device’s ease of use and extensive features make it a solid option for diverse vehicles.
Best For: drivers of cars, trucks, and RVs who need a large, easy-to-read navigation device with offline capabilities and versatile vehicle support.
Pros:
- Large 9-inch HD touchscreen with sun visor for improved visibility in bright sunlight
- Preloaded with 2025 North America maps and free lifetime updates, operating offline without internet or subscription fees
- Supports multiple vehicle types, languages, and safety features like lane assist and traffic alerts
Cons:
- Some users experience map accuracy issues and limited search functions, especially in rural areas
- Glitches, slow response times, and limited functionality outside predefined options reported by users
- Mounting issues such as sticky tape falling off can affect device usability
Car GPS Navigation System with 7 Inch Display
The Car GPS Navigation System with a 7-inch display stands out as a top choice for drivers who prioritize clear visuals and ease of use. Its large touchscreen offers bright, easy-to-read visuals, making navigation simple even in bright sunlight. Compatible with most 12V-24V vehicles, it’s versatile for cars, trucks, buses, and even bicycles. It features offline maps covering 101 regions, with free lifetime updates, and supports multiple modes like 2D and 3D views. Voice guidance in 44 languages, route optimization, and safety alerts enhance driving confidence. Installation is straightforward, and the bright screen plus included shade make it perfect for everyday use.
Best For: Drivers seeking a user-friendly, versatile GPS device with a large, bright screen, suitable for various vehicle types including trucks, buses, and bicycles.
Pros:
- Large 7-inch touchscreen with bright, easy-to-read visuals suitable for all lighting conditions
- Offline maps covering 101 regions with free lifetime updates for reliable navigation
- Voice guidance in 44 languages and safety alerts enhance driving confidence and security
Cons:
- Battery life limited to 6 hours, which may require frequent charging on long trips
- Bulkier size (5.8 x 3 x 8 inches) may be less convenient for small vehicles or minimal dashboard space
- Dependence on compatible 12V-24V power sources, which could limit use in some older or non-standard vehicles
Garmin DriveSmart 66 EX Car GPS Navigator
If you’re seeking a reliable GPS navigator that combines clear visuals with advanced safety features, the Garmin DriveSmart 66 EX stands out. Its 6-inch high-resolution display offers bright, crisp maps that make navigation easy. Advanced lane guidance helps you stay in the correct lane, reducing stress on busy roads. Voice control via Garmin voice assist allows hands-free operation of directions and calls. Safety alerts notify you of sharp curves, speed changes, and school zones. Plus, access to the HISTORY database and U.S. national parks makes exploring scenic spots simple. With lifetime map updates, you’re always equipped with the latest roads and directions.
Best For: drivers seeking a reliable, easy-to-use GPS with clear visuals, safety alerts, and scenic exploration features.
Pros:
- Bright, high-resolution 6-inch display for easy map viewing
- Advanced lane guidance and safety alerts enhance driving confidence
- Lifetime map updates keep directions current and accurate
Cons:
- Slightly larger size may be less discreet in some vehicles
- Limited to North American maps, so not suitable for international travel
- May require periodic charging or connection to power during extended use
N700 GPS Navigator for Car and Truck (7-inch Touchscreen)
The N700 GPS Navigator stands out with its large 7-inch touchscreen and detailed, up-to-date maps, making it an excellent choice for commercial drivers and large vehicle owners. It comes pre-loaded with 2025 North America maps (USA, Canada, Mexico) and offers optional downloads for Europe, UK, Ireland, and Australia. The device supports lifetime updates via Windows PC or TF card, ensuring your maps stay current. Its customizable routing considers vehicle dimensions and includes active lane guidance, speed camera alerts, and voice turn-by-turn instructions. Reliable and backed by a U.S.-based brand, the N700 provides professional navigation with safety features designed for confident, stress-free driving.
Best For: commercial drivers, truck, RV, and large vehicle owners seeking reliable, up-to-date navigation with safety features and customizable routing.
Pros:
- Large 7-inch touchscreen with clear, detailed display and real-time updates
- Pre-loaded with comprehensive North America maps and optional downloads for other regions
- Features like lane guidance, speed camera alerts, and vehicle dimension-based routing enhance safety and convenience
Cons:
- Limited to North America pre-loaded maps unless additional regions are downloaded
- Requires Windows PC or TF card for map updates, which may be less convenient for some users
- May be bulkier or less discreet than smaller, smartphone-based GPS options
GPS Navigation System for Car, Truck, RV with 9-Inch Touch Screen and Voice Directions
Designed specifically for drivers who need reliable and detailed navigation, this GPS system offers a large 9-inch touchscreen and voice directions that keep you focused on the road. It provides intelligent alerts for speed cameras, sound warnings, route planning, and street name broadcasting. You can customize routes based on vehicle type, weight, height, and restrictions, supporting cars, trucks, RVs, and more. With up-to-date 2025 maps for the US, Canada, and Mexico, plus options for Europe, it includes free lifetime updates. The device comes with essential accessories, real voice guidance, and multiple route options, ensuring a safer, more efficient driving experience.
Best For: drivers seeking a reliable, customizable GPS navigation system with real-time alerts and up-to-date maps for various vehicle types and regions.
Pros:
- Large 9-inch touchscreen with clear, spoken turn-by-turn voice directions for easy navigation.
- Supports multiple vehicle types and customizable routes based on vehicle dimensions and restrictions.
- Free lifetime map updates for the US, Canada, Mexico, and options for Europe, ensuring current and accurate navigation.
Cons:
- May require initial setup and familiarity with features for optimal use.
- Additional costs for European map downloads beyond the included regions.
- Physical accessories like mount and cords may need replacement or adjustment over time for optimal performance.
GPS Car Truck Navigator with Voice Assist and Speed Warnings
For truck drivers and commercial vehicle operators, the GPS Car Truck Navigator with Voice Assist and Speed Warnings offers essential safety and route customization features. It has a 7-inch display, free lifetime North America map updates, and supports detailed voice directions. The device alerts for dangerous curves, speed changes, cameras, and crossings, plus offers multiple vehicle modes with tailored truck routes considering size, weight, and bridge restrictions. Its touchscreen and voice commands make navigation easier, and the speed warnings help guarantee safety. However, some users report slow processing, limited truck stop data, and occasional routing inaccuracies, especially outside North America.
Best For: commercial truck drivers and fleet operators seeking a cost-effective GPS with route customization and safety alerts for North American roads.
Pros:
- Supports detailed turn-by-turn voice directions and multiple vehicle modes including trucks with tailored routing.
- Free lifetime map updates for North America, ensuring current navigation data.
- Features safety alerts for dangerous curves, speed changes, cameras, and crossings, enhancing driving safety.
Cons:
- Reports of slow processing speeds and connectivity issues that may hinder real-time navigation.
- Limited truck stop data and occasional inaccuracies in routing outside North America.
- Some users experience delays in map updates and limited support for regions beyond North America.
If you’re looking for a reliable guidance system that keeps you connected and informed on the road, this 7-inch touchscreen GPS is an excellent choice for car and truck drivers steering North America. It features a high-resolution TFT display with excellent visibility in sunlight, supporting multiple languages and voice guidance. Preloaded with 2025 North American maps covering 101 regions, it offers free lifetime updates. The device supports various search options, multiple routing choices, lane assist, and real-time alerts for traffic and safety. Plus, it connects easily to your car audio via FM, ensuring loud, clear instructions. It’s a practical, user-friendly navigation solution for confident driving.
Best For: drivers of cars and trucks navigating North America who need a reliable, easy-to-use GPS with real-time alerts and lifetime map updates.
Pros:
- High-resolution 7-inch touchscreen with excellent sunlight visibility
- Supports multiple languages and voice guidance for versatile use
- Preloaded with comprehensive 2025 North American maps and free lifetime updates
Cons:
- Requires connection to car audio via FM broadcast for voice instructions
- May need manual setup for initial operation and updates
- Limited to North American regions, not suitable for international travel outside US, Canada, and Mexico
The GPS Navigation System for Car, Truck & RV (Blue) stands out with its smart vehicle-specific routing, which takes into account size and weight restrictions to generate safe, efficient paths. Pre-loaded with 2025 North American maps and free lifetime updates, it keeps navigation current. Its large 9-inch HD touchscreen provides clear visibility and easy switching between 2D and 3D views, with day/night modes for comfort. The proactive safety alert system warns about speed limits, red-light cameras, and sharp curves in real-time. Complete with a user-friendly kit, it’s ready to use immediately in trucks or RVs, ensuring smooth, tailored navigation on every journey.
Best For: drivers of cars, trucks, and RVs seeking a reliable, vehicle-specific GPS with safety alerts and up-to-date maps.
Pros:
- Smart routing that accounts for vehicle size and weight restrictions for safer navigation
- Large 9-inch HD touchscreen with intuitive 2D/3D view switching and day/night modes
- Free lifetime map updates with pre-loaded 2025 North American maps and additional EU/UK options
Cons:
- May be bulky for users preferring a more compact device
- Limited to North American maps unless additional download options are purchased
- Requires power connection via included charger or USB cable during use
GPS Navigation System for Cars with 7-Inch Touch Screen and Lifetime Map Updates
A GPS navigation system with a 7-inch touch screen and lifetime map updates is ideal for drivers who prioritize up-to-date maps and easy-to-use interfaces. I find its large display makes navigation straightforward, with clear icons and voice directions. Preloaded with the 2025 North American maps covering 101 regions, it guarantees you’re always current, and free lifetime updates keep maps fresh. Features like route customization, lane assistance, speed alerts, and support for vehicle restrictions make driving safer and more convenient. Despite some issues with map updates and support, the system’s user-friendly design and useful features make it a solid choice for everyday driving.
Best For: drivers in North America seeking an easy-to-use GPS with up-to-date maps and customizable routing options.
Pros:
- Large 7-inch touch screen with clear icons and voice directions for easy navigation
- Free lifetime map updates ensuring current route information
- Supports vehicle restrictions and multiple route options for personalized driving experience
Cons:
- Some users experience difficulties with map downloads and updates
- Assembly of mounting parts can be confusing due to lack of detailed instructions
- Support and customer service reports indicate limited assistance and occasional defective units
Factors to Consider When Choosing GPS Navigation Systems
When selecting a GPS system, I focus on key factors like map updates and coverage to guarantee accuracy, as well as vehicle compatibility for smooth integration. I also consider display size and clarity for easy navigation, along with safety features that alert me to hazards. Finally, I prioritize ease of use and setup to make my driving experience stress-free.
Map Updates and Coverage
Choosing a GPS navigation system with reliable map updates and extensive coverage is vital for staying on the right route. Regular updates guarantee your maps reflect current road conditions, construction, and new developments, preventing surprises. Many systems now offer free lifetime updates, saving you money over time. Coverage varies widely; some devices cover only North America, while others span Europe or multiple regions—so pick one suited to your travel needs. Update processes differ too, with options like Wi-Fi, USB, or PC downloads, and some require manual updates or subscriptions. A detailed map includes street names, points of interest, traffic restrictions, and routes for vehicles with specific size or weight limitations. Prioritizing these factors helps you avoid navigation errors and enhances your overall driving experience.
Vehicle Compatibility Features
Ensuring your GPS supports multiple vehicle profiles and can be customized with specific dimensions is crucial for safe and accurate navigation. I look for devices that allow me to select profiles for cars, trucks, RVs, buses, bicycles, or pedestrians, depending on my needs. It’s important that the GPS lets me input vehicle dimensions like height, weight, width, and length to prevent routing on roads unsuitable for my vehicle. I also check for vehicle-specific routing options that consider restrictions such as low bridges, weight limits, or narrow lanes. Compatibility with my vehicle’s power supply, whether 12V or 24V, ensures seamless installation. Additionally, vehicle restriction alerts, like warnings for low clearance or steep grades, boost safety and help me avoid costly mistakes.
Display Size and Clarity
A larger display, typically between 7 and 9 inches, can substantially improve how easily I read maps and navigation prompts while on the road. With more screen space, I can see details clearly without squinting, reducing the need to divert my attention from driving. High-resolution screens with bright, vivid colors make maps more legible and details easier to distinguish, even in bright sunlight. Touchscreen responsiveness is essential for quick, accurate interactions, preventing frustration and distraction. Anti-glare coatings and sunshade features further enhance visibility in direct sunlight, minimizing reflections. Clear, legible fonts and icons ensure I can quickly interpret routes, alerts, and other critical information. Overall, display size and clarity directly impact my safety and convenience during navigation.
Safety and Alert Systems
Safety and alert systems are essential features that can greatly enhance my awareness and help prevent accidents while on the road. Effective systems provide real-time warnings for speed cameras, red-light cameras, school zones, sharp curves, and traffic signals, keeping me alert and informed. Many GPS units support customizable vehicle profiles, considering size, weight, height, and restrictions, which help generate safer routes and avoid low bridges or narrow lanes. Voice-guided alerts in multiple languages reduce distractions by delivering timely, natural instructions without needing to look at the screen. Advanced features like lane assist, active speed camera alerts, and hazard notifications further promote safety. Regular automatic updates ensure I receive current information on road conditions, speed limits, and regulations, maintaining the system’s accuracy and reliability.
Ease of Use and Setup
Choosing a GPS navigation system that’s easy to set up can make a big difference in how smoothly your driving experience starts. I look for an intuitive interface with clear menus and simple steps because it speeds up the setup process. Features like voice commands and automatic route recalculations also make operating the device easier, reducing manual adjustments. Preloaded maps and automatic updates save time, so I don’t have to spend hours configuring or downloading extra data. The physical setup should be straightforward, with easy-to-install mounts and minimal wiring. Additionally, clear, step-by-step instructions or tutorials boost my confidence and help me get started quickly. A device that’s simple to set up lets me focus more on the road and less on fiddling with technology.
Frequently Asked Questions
How Do GPS Systems Update Maps Automatically?
GPS systems update maps automatically through a combination of real-time data collection and cloud-based services. They receive updates via internet connections, syncing with servers that constantly gather new road information, construction changes, and traffic patterns. When you’re connected, your device downloads these updates seamlessly, ensuring your navigation is accurate. I find this process really helpful because it keeps me on the fastest routes without needing manual updates.
Can GPS Devices Be Customized for Different Vehicle Types?
Yes, GPS devices can be tailored for different vehicle types. I remember customizing my GPS for my truck’s larger size, which made navigation much safer and more efficient. Many systems let you select vehicle profiles—like cars, trucks, or motorcycles—adjusting routes and alerts accordingly. This personalization guarantees the device considers your vehicle’s size, weight, and type, helping you avoid restrictions and find the best routes every time.
What Is the Average Battery Life of Portable GPS Units?
The average battery life of portable GPS units typically ranges from 4 to 8 hours, depending on the model and usage. I’ve found that more advanced devices with high-resolution screens tend to drain batteries faster, while simpler units last longer. To make certain I don’t run out of power during long trips, I always carry a portable charger or use a vehicle power adapter. It’s a small investment for peace of mind.
Do GPS Systems Offer Real-Time Traffic and Weather Alerts?
Yes, GPS systems do offer real-time traffic and weather alerts. While some might think of them as mere navigation tools, modern devices provide up-to-the-minute updates that help you avoid traffic jams or prepare for sudden weather changes. I find these alerts invaluable—they keep me informed and ensure I arrive safely and efficiently. So, if you want smarter navigation, look for systems with real-time traffic and weather features.
How Secure Are GPS Devices Against Hacking or Signal Interference?
GPS devices have improved security, but they’re not completely immune to hacking or signal interference. I always recommend using devices with strong encryption and keeping firmware updated to protect against vulnerabilities. Signal jamming and spoofing are still risks, so I avoid relying solely on GPS in critical situations. Staying aware of your surroundings and having backup navigation methods can help keep you safe from potential threats.
Conclusion
Choosing the right GPS is like finding the North Star in a night sky—it guides you with clarity and confidence. Whether you prefer a compact device or a large-screen navigator, understanding your needs guarantees smooth journeys ahead. Remember, a great GPS isn’t just about maps; it’s about trust and ease, lighting your way through every twist and turn. With the right system, your adventures will always stay on course.
Giovanni is our Chief Tasting Evangelist and the charismatic face of Mad Tasting. He inspires a sense of culinary wonder in all who encounter our brand. With boundless enthusiasm for the art of tasting and a gift for captivating audiences, Giovanni leads our immersive tasting experiences and workshops. He empowers food enthusiasts to discover the true depth and complexity of the flavors we celebrate. Whether he’s guiding a private group through a blind tasting or hosting a masterclass on the art of pairing, Giovanni’s infectious passion for the culinary world is the driving force behind our mission to share the extraordinary.
